马建明博士介绍自动驾驶车辆技术难题 

Dr. Jianming Ma introduced the CAV technical challenges

马建明博士介绍自动驾驶技术相关的政策与法律完善问题

Dr. Jianming Ma introduced the CAV policy and institutional challenges

美国密歇根大学交通研究中心的鲍珊博士系统介绍了基于自然驾驶实验数据的驾驶员交互与行为适应性研究：分析结果表明，自适应巡航控制系统（Adaptive Cruise Control System）启用后驾驶员的风险值显著下降。

清华大学王建强教授介绍了行车风险场理论及其在自动驾驶研发测试领域的应用前景。

同济大学王平副教授介绍了中国智能网联汽车测试基地的数据采集、记录、分析、回放与应用。

通过专题讨论，参会嘉宾充分了解了智能网联汽车管理政策、测试现状、应用场景及潜在安全改善效果方面的最新成果。

Dr. Shan Bao from the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute presented her study on drivers’ adaptation behavior when interacting with CAV safety systems, indicating that drivers’ risk score drops distinctively with ACC (Adaptive Cruise Control System) on. Professor Jianqiang Wang of Tsinghua University introduced the driving risk filed theory and potential applications for CAV research and development. Professor Ping Wang of Tongji University introduced the data collection, record, analysis, replay, and application process in the Chinese Test Bed for CAV. In this session, a detailed introduction was given on the CAV management policies, CAV tests, CAV technology applications, and potential safety benefits.

Traffic Safety Management Experience

针对“交通安全管理国际经验”专题，公安部交通管理科学研究所俞春俊副所长围绕刚发布的《中国道路交通安全“十三五”规划》介绍了编制背景、要点内容与实施方案：“十三五”期间我国将围绕人-车-路-管理开展6项重点工程；其中“道路交通安全文化建设工程”中计划2018年在全国推广大型客货车驾驶人职业教育。

交通运输部公路科学研究院安全中心周荣贵主任针对路网风险评估技术的发展、基础理论、应用工具进行了介绍，并以“湖南省高速公路风险评估项目”为例进行了阐述。

新加坡公路安全理事会执行理事李志超先生、德国宇航中心交通系统研究所Alexander Sohr先生就其国家的交通安全管理经验进行了介绍。

来自于“一带一路”国家的希腊雅典国立技术大学Theofilatos博士就如何构建国际道路交通安全模型介绍了其团队的初步分析成果。

埃及开罗大学的Said博士、Talaat博士就埃及道路交通安全数据采集、分析建模进行了介绍。

In this session, Chunjun Yu, deputy director of Traffic Management Research Institute, Ministry of Public Security, introduced the background, main contents and implementation plan in the Chinese Road Traffic Safety “13th Five-year Plan”: From 2016 to 2020, China will carry out 6 key projects focusing on people-car-road- management, of which Road Traffic Safety Culture Building Project plans to promote large-scale passenger car driver vocational education in 2018 nationwide. Ronggui Zhou, head of the Research Institute of Highway, Ministry of Transport, introduced the development, the basic theory and the application tools of the road network risk assessment technology and presented a case study of the Hunan Province Expressway Risk Assessment Project. Mr. Lee Chee Chiew, executive director of the Singapore Road Safety Council, and Mr. Alexander Sohr of the Institute of Transportation Systems at the German Aerospace Center, introduced their experience in traffic safety control. Dr. Theofilatos from the National Technical University of Athens introduced the team's preliminary analysis on how to build an international road traffic safety model. Dr. Said and Dr. Talaat of Cairo University introduced the Egyptian road traffic safety data collection and analysis modeling.

俞春俊副所长介绍中国道路交通安全“十三五”规划及实施

Chunjun Yu, deputy director delivered a speech on Chinese Road Traffic Safety Plan and Implementation

公安部交通管理科学研究所俞春俊副所长对中国道路交通安全“十三五”规划及实施进行了详细介绍。尽管近年来我国交通安全总体趋稳，但“十二五”期间交通安全形势依然严峻，在国家层面的高度重视和全社会的高度期待下，国务院安全生产委员会发布了道路交通安全“十三五”规划。

本次规划是我国道路交通安全的顶层设计及行动指南，共提出了七项主要任务和六项重大工程。

主要任务包括：完善道路交通安全责任体系、提升交通参与者交通安全素质、提升车辆安全性、提升道路安全性、提升交通安全管理执法能力、提升交通应急管理与救援急救能力及提升交通安全科技支撑能力。

六项重大工程包括：道路交通安全文化建设工程、重点车辆安全性提升工程、重点道路设施安全提升工程、道路交通安全主动防控体系构建工程、高速公路交通应急管理能力提升工程和道路交通安全科技应用与数据共享工程。

国务院安全生产委员会针对“十三五”规划的实施，建议充分发挥地方各级党委政府的统筹领导作用，细化落实道路交通安全监管责任，并持续加大考核评估力度。

Chunjun Yu, deputy director of Traffic Management Research Institute, Ministry of Public Security gave a detailed introduction of Chinese Road Traffic Safety Plan and its implementation. Although the traffic safety situation remains stable during the 12th Five Year Plan (2010-2015), further improvement was to be expected. Therefore, the Work Safety Committee of the State Council issued the “13th Five Year Plan” on Chinese Road Traffic Safety. The Plan will serve as the guideline for road traffic safety design and implementation, with seven main tasks and six key projects proposed. The main tasks are to streamline road traffic safety liability system, improve the safety awareness of road users, enhance the safety of vehicles, enhance the safety of roads, improve the traffic safety management and enforcement, improve traffic emergency management and rescue capabilities, as well as provide better technical support for traffic safety. The six key projects are namely: the traffic safety culture development project, key vehicle safety improvement project, key road infrastructure safety improvement project, active prevention and control system development project, highway emergency management improvement project, and traffic safety technical application and data sharing project. During the implementation of the “13th Five Year Plan” on Chinese Road Traffic Safety, Work Safety Committee of the State Council will be responsible for the overall management, identifying the responsible department for traffic safety supervision at different levels, and further evaluation.

雅典国家技术大学的Athanasios Theofilatos博士详细介绍了国际道路交通安全模型。围绕道路安全管理、道路基础设施、车辆、道路使用者以及事故后服务这五个核心问题在经济管理、交通需求与风险暴露、道路安全措施、道路安全性能指标以及伤亡情况五个层面上构建了二维框架。

通过检索世界卫生组织（World Health Organization）、联合国（United Nations）、国际道路联盟（International Road Federation）以及经济合作发展组织（Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development）国际机构的数据库得到了超过130个国家最近一年的数据并构建了安全分析。在数据分析时，为保证在每个层面上考虑到尽可能多的指标，研究人员构建了复合变量；其次，建立了考虑时间维度的回归模型将道路安全结果与复合变量联系起来。通过比较观测值和预测值对模型进行评估，结果表明对于道路安全情况良好（死亡率较低）及处于中等水平的国家，该模型的预测结果满足要求。

Dr. Athanasios Theofilatos from the National Technical University of Athens presented the international traffic safety model. Focusing on five major aspects, namely road safety management, road infrastructure, vehicles, road users and post-accident services, he proposed a two-dimensional framework involving financial management, traffic requirement and risk exposure, road safety measures, road safety indicators and casualties. Last year’s data of over 130 countries were collected from the database of international institutions including World Health Organization, United Nations, International Road Federation, and Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, which served as the basis of his safety analysis. In order to conduct comprehensive analysis with as many indicators as possible involved, his research team developed composite variables, and a regression model which connected the road safety result with composite variables. The model is further evaluated through comparison between the observed value and the predicted value. The research showed that for countries with good and middle range road safety conditions (fairly low mortality rate), the model’s predicted result meets the requirements.

Public Health and Traffic Safety

在公共卫生与安全政策专题中，来自美国哥伦比亚大学李国华教授指出，交通事故伤害是1-44岁年龄段人群的主要死亡致因。李教授认为，伤害与事故不同，并不是偶然发生的意外事件；通过安全带、安全气囊等预防措施可以实现伤害的预防和降低。李教授同时使用哈登矩阵阐明了针对交通事故伤害的预防系统构架。

In this session, Professor Guohua Li from Columbia University pointed out that traffic accident injuries were the main cause of death for the group aged between 1 to 44 years old. Professor Li held that injuries and accidents were different and injuries were not accidental; through the safety belt, airbags and other preventive measures, the prevention and reduction of injury can be achieved. The Haddon Matrix as applied to traffic injury prevention was also introduced.

李国华教授介绍交通安全改善的公共卫生途径

Professor Guohua Li presented public health methods to improve transportation safety

李国华教授介绍交通伤害预防的哈登矩阵 

Professor Guohua Li presented the Haddon Matrix as applied to traffic injury prevention

世界卫生组织驻华代表处方丹女士指出联合国制定的可持续发展目标中期望在2020年实现死亡人数减少至60万左右（目前约为125万），并介绍了联合国世卫组织在改善全球道路交通安全方面做出的努力，即安全系统（The Safe Systems Approach）、道路安全5大支柱（5 pillars of the Global Plan for the DoA 2011–2020）和SLIVES拯救生命建议包三个主要概念。

Ms. Dan Fang from WHO’s China Office said that the sustainable development goal developed by the United Nations expects to reduce the number of deaths to about 600,000 (currently about 1.25 million) by 2020. She also introduced the UN efforts in improving global road safety, namely the Safe System Approach, 5 pillars of the Global Plan for the DoA 2011-2020 and the Save LIVES package.

方丹女生介绍针对道路交通安全的SLIVES建议包

Ms. Dan Fang presented the Save Lives package for road safety improvement

Human Behavior, Psychology, and Traffic Safety

在“交通行为、心理与安全”专题，美国堪萨斯大学Paul Atchley教授系统介绍了驾驶中使用手机的安全问题与改善思路。

澳大利亚阳光海岸大学Bridie Scott-Parker博士介绍了针对年轻与新手驾驶员驾驶行为的4E（教育Education、工程Engineering、执行Enforcement、参与Engagement）干预措施。

美国利宝集团工业安全研究中心黄咏香博士指出，货运企业中的安全文化氛围，包括管理者的行动、小组成员间的互相影响，会影响驾驶员对企业安全优先级的感知，甚至影响事故伤害的发生。

长安大学付锐教授通过定量分析驾驶过程存在最低注意力需求明确了分心驾驶的判断依据：仅当驾驶人注意力分布不满足当前驾驶需求时，才认定其处于分心驾驶状态。

In this session, Professor Paul Atchley from the University of Kansas presented the distracted driving issue and possible solutions. Dr. Bridie Scott-Parker from the University of the Sunshine Coast, introduced the 4E (Education, Engineering, Enforcement, Engagement) interventions for young and novice driver on-raod behavior. Dr. Emily (Yueng-hsiang) Huang of Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, pointed out that the safety culture in the freight business, including the actions of managers and the interaction among the team members, will affect the driver's perception of corporate safety priorities and even affect the accident injury occurrence. Professor Rui Fu from Chang'an University determined the judgment basis of distraction driving through quantitative analysis of the minimum attention requirements in the driving process: a driver should only be considered inattentive when information sampling is not sufficient.

在Paul Atchley教授的发言指出目前驾驶分心的问题已经日益严重，估计美国四分之一的交通事故是由使用手机造成的；通过分析大脑的占用程度发现电话交谈同样会影响驾驶员的判断能力；驾驶时使用手机会提高交通事故风险，其危险程度不亚于酒驾，并从生理和心理的角度，总结了其产生危害的机理。

对此，Paul Atchley教授提出的解决方法是计划行为理论（Theory of Planned Behavior），即通过教育引导驾驶人对待驾驶使用手机行为的态度与感知行为控制，通过制定法律法规与严格执法约束该行为从而对驾驶人对待该行为的态度进行修正，进而提高驾驶人的主观安全态度和意识，降低分心驾驶的频率。

According to Professor Paul Atchley, distracted driving shows an increasing risk. The National Safety Council estimates that one-quarter of crashes in the US are attributable to cell phones. MRI images show that conversation impairs drivers’ judgment. Crashes with phone records show increased risk. Drivers on cell phones drive worse than drunk drivers. Based on these data and research, Professor Paul Atchley explained the physical and psychological risks of distracted driving and the cause. He proposed to prevent such risks with the Theory of Planned Behavior, namely education guiding drivers to control their attitude and perception of driving on cell phones and rule enforcement to correct wrong attitude and behaviors. It is hoped that drivers’ subjective safety attitude and awareness can be improved in this way, so as to cut down on distracted driving.

Paul Atchley教授介绍分心驾驶问题及解决思路

Professor Paul Atchley presented the distracted driving issue and possible solutions

阳光海岸大学Bridie Scott-Parker教授探讨了针对年轻及新手驾驶员的驾驶行为风险及预防措施的相关内容。研究发现，驾驶员越年轻发生交通事故的风险越大，主要是由于年轻及新手驾驶员：风险感知能力不足、欠缺环境感知能力以及对自身的驾驶行为缺乏正确的认识。对此Bridie Scott-Parker教授提出了基于“4E”干预措施的改善对策，具体包括渐进式驾照发放方式（Graduated driver licensing）、清单审核（Checkpoints）以及驾驶行为监控（Monitoring driving behavior）。

Professor Bridie Scott-Parker from Dr. Bridie Scott-Parker from the University of the Sunshine Coast delivered a speech on young drivers, novice drivers, and on-road behaviors, explaining risks, remedies and results. Her research shows that the younger the driver is, the higher the risks of a traffic accident the driver faces. This is mainly because young and novice drivers are weak in hazard perception and situation awareness, and may conduct unintentional risky driving. Professor Bridie Scott-Parker, therefore, introduced the 4E interventions as remedies, involving key interventions like graduated driver licensing, checkpoints, and monitoring driving behavior.

Road Design and Human Behavior

在“考虑人因的道路设计”专题，美国普渡大学Andrew Tarko教授介绍了在美国印第安娜州开展的道路纵向隔离栏的安全性能研究，从量化分析的角度预测了碰撞伤害损失和安全改善的经济效益。

意大利那不勒斯菲里德里克第二大学Alfonso Montella教授介绍了基于驾驶模拟器的道路安全审计。

意大利卡塔尼亚大学Salvatore Damiano Cafiso教授介绍了基于道路设计与驾驶员心理期望一致性的理念与具体实施方法。

西班牙瓦伦西亚理工大学Alfredo Garcia教授介绍了道路设施性能适应半自动驾驶系统的实验方法。

In this session, Professor Andrew Tarko from Purdue University introduced a study on the safety performance of the road longitudinal barrier in the Indiana State of the United States and predicted collision damage and economic effects of safety improvement from the perspective of quantitative analysis. Professor Alfonso Montella from University of Naples Federico II introduced the road safety audit based on the driving simulator. Professor Salvatore Damiano Cafiso from the University of Catania, Italy, introduced the concept and implementation method based on the consistency of road design and driver's psychological expectation. Professor Alfredo Garcia from the University of Valencia introduced the experimental method of road facility performance adapting to the semi-automatic driving system.

Andrew Tarko教授展示了各类道路纵向护栏的碰撞测试及遭遇实际事故时的情景，并基于碰撞频率分析得到道路纵向隔离栏安全性能参数（SPF）和碰撞修正因子（CMF），根据碰撞事件分析和人身伤害分析估计单位碰撞成本（UCC），与路段设置纵向隔离栏成本相比较，判断现有纵向隔离栏路段的隔离栏安全性能、无纵向隔离栏路段设置隔离栏的经济效益。

Professor Andrew Tarko presented the performance of barriers in real and test scenarios. He also studied the safety performance of in-service barriers and economic benefit of installing barriers through safety performance function (SPF) and the crash modification factors (CMF) based on the crash frequency analysis and estimated unit crash costs (UCC) based on the crash event analysis and personal injury analysis

Andrew Tarko教授介绍道路护栏安全性能及安全收益研究

Professor Andrew Tarko presented the safety performance and benefit of barriers

Alfonso Montella教授介绍了道路安全审计（RSA ,Road safety audit）的必要性、传统安全审计存在的问题以及基于驾驶模拟器的道路安全审计。道路安全审计要求审核人员从道路使用者的角度评估道路设计可能存在的问题，但传统的基于安全问题清单的审查过程无法得到驾驶员的真实反馈，没有考虑道路设计的具体情况，可能得出不客观的道路安全审核结果。基于驾驶模拟器的道路安全审计的优势在于其可以预测实际道路驾驶员的驾驶行为，计算得到与事故相关的安全替代指标；提前由模拟驾驶实验获得驾驶员对道路的主观感受；并通过实验开展对安全改善方案成效的测试。

Professor Alfonso Montella introduced the importance of road safety audit (RSA), the drawbacks of traditional RSA, and the driving simulator assisted RSA. RSA criteria require the auditor to evaluate crucial safety criteria from the point of view of the driver. However, there is no feedback from the driver during the traditional checklist-based audit process. Checklists can never cover all safety aspects. Checklists do not allow objective safety evaluations. A driving simulator-based approach could predict the actual driving behavior, acquire a diverse set of visual search and driving related parameters, offer a pro-active evaluation by actual end-users, and enable a safety assessment based on the results of the driving simulation experiments.

Alfonso Montella教授介绍基于驾驶模拟器的道路设计安全评估

Professor Alfonso Montella introduced the driving simulator assisted road safety audi

总结

Summary

本次研讨会在两天的时间里交流了智能网联汽车、交通安全管理、公共卫生与交通安全、交通行为与心理、道路安全设计五个专题的内容，关注了交通系统中“人-车-路-管理”的各个要素，囊括了国内外最新的交通安全研究与工程应用。

The two-day symposium enables exchanges on connected and autonomous vehicles and road safety, transportation safety management experience, public health and safety policy, human behavior and transportation safety, as well as road design and human behavior, involving major elements of transportation system, namely human, vehicles, roads, and management, covering latest traffic safety research and engineering projects. 

本次会议得到了来自包括公安部交通管理科学研究所、交通运输部公路科学研究院安全中心、清华大学、北京工业大学、长安大学、昆明理工大学在内的10余个与会单位嘉宾的充分肯定：

国内参会嘉宾一致认为通过本次会议学习了发达国家在交通安全改善方面的基础理论、分析方法和工程应用先进经验；

与会外方专家表示本次研讨会通过引入行为、心理、医学等不同学科背景的专家进行交流，带来了研究角度与改善应用方面的新视野，非常有特色；

研讨会召开期间，交通运输工程学院教师与海内外专家学者深入讨论了如何推进同济大学交通安全国际合作联合实验室的建设工作。

Unanimously positive comments were given by attendees from over 10 institutes including Traffic Management Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security, and the Research Institute of Highway of the Ministry of Transport, Tsinghua University, Beijing University of Technology, Chang’an University, and Kunming University of Technology:

Chinese attendees claimed that they have learnt basic theories, analysis method and advanced engineering experience at the symposium, while foreign guests found the symposium inspiring with experts of different discipline (human behavior, psychology, public health) gathered to share their research and experience. During the symposium, the leaders of the School of Transportation Engineering and the experts and scholars at home and abroad discussed in depth how to promote the construction of Tongji University Traffic Safety International Cooperation Joint Laboratory.